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Armed Forces & Society
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"Just Cause" or Just Politics?

U.S. Panama Invasion and Standardizing Qualitative Tests for Diversionary War

Jane Kellett Cramer

University of Oregon jkcramer{at}uoregon.edu

This article investigates the 1989 U.S. invasion of Panama using qualitative tests for diversionarywar proposed by another researcher, Ryan C. Hendrickson. The author finds that this use of force was likely a "type" of diversionary war, in that it was likely motivated by a need to solve "domestic political problems" rather than to achieve strategic goals. Several proposals to further develop qualitative tests for diversionary war are advanced.

Key Words: diversionary war • Panama • American invasion, 1989 • qualitative methods

Armed Forces & Society, Vol. 32, No. 2, 178-201 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0095327X05277899
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